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1.
J. appl. oral sci ; 18(5): 482-486, Sept.-Oct. 2010. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-564182

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: PAX9 belongs to the Pax family of transcriptional factor genes. This gene is expressed in embryonic tissues such as somites, pharyngeal pouch endoderm, distal limb buds and neural crest-derived mesenchyme. Polymorphisms in the upstream promoter region of the human PAX9 have been associated with human non-syndromic tooth agenesis. In the present study, we verified the in vitro mRNA expression of this gene and the luciferase activity of two constructs containing promoter sequences of the PAX9 gene. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Embryonic tissues were obtained from digits, face, and midbrain/hindbrain regions. Fragments containing PAX9 promoter sequences were cloned into reporter plasmids and were transfected into the different cell cultures. mRNA were extracted from primary cell cultures. RESULTS: The semi-quantitative RT-PCR results showed that in vitro E13.5 limb bud and CNS cells express PAX9, but cells derived from the facial region do not. Moreover, the luciferase assay showed that protein activity of the constructed vector was weaker than pgl3 -basic alone. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that the promoter sequences analyzed are not sufficient to drive PAX9 gene transcription.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Anodontia/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Luciferases/analysis , PAX9 Transcription Factor/genetics , Transcription, Genetic , Cells, Cultured , Luciferases/genetics , PAX9 Transcription Factor/metabolism , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Plasmids/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger
2.
J. appl. oral sci ; 15(6): 518-523, Nov.-Dec. 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-471110

ABSTRACT

This study investigated possible prenatal and neonatal variables that may influence the prevalence of tooth enamel hypoplasia in preterm and low birth weight children (LBW) and a matched control group of term children with normal birth weight (NBW). The study sample consisted of 61 children born preterm and with LBW examined at 18-34 months of age. The control group was formed by 61 infants born full term and with NBW examined at 31-35 months of age. All children were born at the Center of Integrated Attention of Women's Health (CAISM-UNICAMP). FDI criteria were followed for dental examination. Medical data was collected retrospectively from hospital records. Among preterms, 57.4 percent had some type of developmental defects of enamel (DDE), 52.5 percent had opacities and 21.3 percent presented hypoplasia. Among full-term children, 24.6 percent presented DDE, 24.6 percent had opacities and 3.3 percent had hypoplasia. LBW preterm infants presented a higher prevalence of hypoplasia than NBW controls. The deciduous teeth most affected by hypoplasia were maxillary incisors. There was no significant association with prenatal variables; among neonatal variables there was a significant association with respiratory distress syndrome and neurological examination at discharge with an altered result.

3.
J. appl. oral sci ; 15(5): 382-386, Sept.-Oct. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-465917

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Hypodontia is the congenital absence of one or more (up to six) permanent and/or deciduous teeth, being one of the most common alterations of the human dentition. Genetic polymorphisms are variations of DNA sequences occurring in a population. This study investigated whether G-915C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the PAX9 gene promoter is associated with hypodontia in humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The polymorphism in region G/C-915 of PAX9 gene (NCBI ref SNP ID: rs 2073247) of 240 patients was analyzed, being 110 controls and 130 individuals with third molar agenesis. After DNA extraction, the region of interest was amplified by PCR technique using two different primers. The significance of the differences in observed frequencies of polymorphisms in both groups was assessed by odds-ratio and chi-squared test with 95 percent confidence interval. RESULTS: Genotype CC was more frequent in patients with agenesis (11.5 percent) compared to the control (1.8 percent), while GG was more prevalent in the control group (39.1 percent) compared to the individuals with agenesis (26.2 percent). CONCLUSION: These data showed that the allele C could be associated with the third molar agenesis.

4.
Braz. dent. j ; 18(2): 148-152, 2007. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-466509

ABSTRACT

Buccal cells provide a convenient source of DNA for epidemiological studies. The goal of this study was to develop a convenient method to obtain buccal cells from mouthwash samples to be used as a source of DNA, and to evaluate the stability of the DNA in mouthwash solution over time. The procedures used in the method described in this paper avoid the use of any organic solvents. This is achieved by salting out the cellular proteins by dehydration and precipitation with a saturated ammonium acetate solution. The protocol described here is fast, simple to perform, sensitive, economical and several samples can be processed at the same time. The analyses provide consistent evidence that DNA extracted by this methodology is sufficient for several PCR amplifications. The total DNA yield ranged from 5 to 93 µg (median 15 µg, mean 20.71 µg). DNA can be extracted and PCR amplified after storage of mouthwash solution at room temperature for periods of up to 30 days.


Células bucais são fontes convenientes de DNA para diagnóstico e estudos epidemiológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método simples e prático para obter células epiteliais, através de bochechos, a fim de serem usadas como fonte de DNA e avaliar a estabilidade do DNA na solução de bochecho no decorrer do tempo. Os procedimentos usados neste estudo evitam o uso de solventes orgânicos permitindo uma pratica laboratorial mais segura. Isto é alcançado pela remoção das proteínas celulares por desidratação e precipitação com uma solução saturada de acetato de amônio. Este protocolo permite a extração de maneira rápida, simples, econômica e garante o processamento de várias amostras ao mesmo tempo, agilizando assim os procedimentos laboratoriais. Nossas análises forneceram evidências consistentes de que o DNA extraído por esta metodologia é suficiente para diversas amplificações por PCR (polymerase chain reaction - reação em cadeia pela polimerase). O produto total de DNA variou de 5 a 93 µg (mediana 15 µg; média 20,71 µg). Além disso, o DNA mostrou-se eficientemente preservado na solução de bochecho, a qual pode ser estocada em temperatura ambiente por até trinta dias.


Subject(s)
Humans , DNA , Mouth Mucosa/cytology , Specimen Handling/methods , Acetates/chemistry , Chemical Precipitation , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Desiccation , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Genetic Techniques , Mouthwashes , Mouth Mucosa/chemistry , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Proteins/isolation & purification , Spectrophotometry , Sucrose , Specimen Handling/economics , Temperature , Time Factors
5.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 5(18): 1054-1062, 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-472468

ABSTRACT

Cytokines are important polypeptides mediators of acute and chronic inflammation. These molecules act as a complex immunological network, in which there are pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and anti-inflammatory mediators like IL-10 and transforming growth factor-b. In spite of some controversial findings, in general high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been correlated with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) such as internal derangement and osteoarthritis. These mediators promote degradation of cartilage and bone joint by inducing release of proteinases and other inflammatory molecules. Indeed, pro-inflammatory cytokines have been associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissue destruction. However, its mechanisms and pathophysiology have not been clearly delineated. In attempt to summarize the role of cytokines in TMD pathophysiology and its potential for medical intervention, the purpose of the current study was to review the literature concerning the analysis of these inflammatory mediators in TMJ fluid and tissues.


Subject(s)
Cytokines , Interleukins , Osteoarthritis , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders , Inflammation Mediators
6.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 5(17): 991-995, 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-472512

ABSTRACT

Amelogenins, a family of enamel extracellular matrix proteins, are abundantly expressed during tooth development. It is produced by the AMELX Xq22 and AMELY Yp11 genes and the level of transcription of AMELY locus appears to be only approximately 10% of amelogenin transcripts. DNA methylation is the major epigenetic mechanism of regulation of gene expression. Many factors can interfere in gene silencing, such as polymorphisms and nutrients and some genes escape inactivation, principally X-linked genes. The large number of genes that escape inactivation, and their non-random distribution on the chromosome X may have implications in abnormalities caused by genes on this chromossome. Defects of dental enamel formation are caused by genetic or environmental factors, including genetic polymorphisms and nutrient intake. However, the relationship between epigenetic and genetic factors in amelogenesis is not known. In this context, DNA methylation might be a promising path to explain not only the mechanisms of AMEL inactivation, but also in pathological situations.


Subject(s)
Amelogenesis , Dental Enamel Proteins , DNA Methylation , Epigenesis, Genetic
7.
J. appl. oral sci ; 13(3): 212-217, July-Sept. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-416863

ABSTRACT

A melogênese imperfeita é um grupo de doencas hereditárias que causa defeito na formacão esmalte dental e mostra heterogeneidade clínica e genética. O esmalte é afetado com alta variabilidade, desde deficiência na formacão do esmalte até defeitos no conteúdo mineral e protéico. A formacão do esmalte requer a expressão de múltiplos genes que transcrevem proteínas e proteinases importantes para controlar o complexo processo de crescimento dos cristais e mineralizacão. O fenótipo da AI depende do gene envolvido, sua localizacão e tipo de mutacão, e a conseqüente alteracão na proteína. Diferentes padrões hereditários com ligado ao X, autossômico dominante e autossômico recessivo já foram descritos. Mutacões nos genes correspondentes da amelogenina, enamelina, e calicreína-4 demonstraram resultar em diferentes tipos de AI. Outros genes críticos para formacão do esmalte estão sendo identificados como candidatos a causar AI. O objetivo desse artigo foi investigar na literatura o papel de proteínas e proteinases importantes para formacão do esmalte e mutacões associadas a AI.


Subject(s)
Amelogenesis Imperfecta/genetics , Dental Enamel , Mutation , Proteins
8.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 4(13): 716-724, Apr.-June 2005.
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-412549

ABSTRACT

Dental enamel is the most mineralized tissue in the vertebrate body and contains the largest known biologically formed hydroxyapatite crystals. Its formation occurs extracellularly through the collaborationof a proteic transient framework (the enamel organic matrix), which controls hydroxyapatite crystal growth, morphology and orientation. This matrix is deposited with a small amount of mineral during the secretory stage of amelogenesis. The organic components begin to bedegraded in the transition stage and are extensively corrupted, and almost entirely replaced by the inorganic crystallites during maturation stage. The present paper reviews current knowledge on the structural biology of the enamel organic matrix


Subject(s)
Dental Enamel , Amelogenesis , Endopeptidases , Proteins
9.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 22(2): 67-72, Apr.-Jun. 2005. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-418986

ABSTRACT

Dental enamel is the most highly mineralized tissue of vertebrates and consists mainly of submicroscopic crystals of hydroxyapatite. Comparative analysis of enamel structure has revealed a marked structural diversity among vertebrates. In most cases, the enamel of amphibians and reptiles is aprismatic, since the crystallites are roughly parallel to each other and perpendicular to the enamel surface. The enamel of mammals is formed by prismatic structures, the diversity of which may be used to infer phylogenetic relationships and to identify mammalian taxa in higher orders. The complexity of enamel has been also related to feeding habits, since the patterns observed have usually evolved as functional adaptations in response to biomechanical stress imposed on teeth. In this article we review and discuss the modifications in enamel structure that occurred during mammalian evolution, as well as the functional and cellular aspects related to these changes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dental Enamel , Dental Enamel/anatomy & histology , Dental Enamel/ultrastructure , Tooth/ultrastructure , Dental Enamel/growth & development , Feeding Behavior , Mammals
10.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 4(13): 716-724, Apr.-June 2005.
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-872651

ABSTRACT

Dental enamel is the most mineralized tissue in the vertebrate body and contains the largest known biologically formed hydroxyapatite crystals. Its formation occurs extracellularly through the collaborationof a proteic transient framework (the enamel organic matrix), which controls hydroxyapatite crystal growth, morphology and orientation. This matrix is deposited with a small amount of mineral during the secretory stage of amelogenesis. The organic components begin to bedegraded in the transition stage and are extensively corrupted, and almost entirely replaced by the inorganic crystallites during maturation stage. The present paper reviews current knowledge on the structural biology of the enamel organic matrix


Subject(s)
Dental Enamel , Amelogenesis , Endopeptidases , Proteins
11.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Bauru ; 10(1): 1-6, jan.-mar. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-321825

ABSTRACT

As metaloproteases da matriz (MMPs) representam uma importante família de enzimas zinco dependentes que modulam a degradaçäo da matrix extracelular. Estas enzimas têm sido associadas a diversos processos patológicos que afetam a cavidade bucal, como a destruiçäo do tecido periodontal durante a periodontite, cárie de raiz, invasäo de tecidos por tumor e desordens da articulaçäo temporomandibular. Netse trabalho nós apresentamos uma revisäo dos aspectos gerais das metaloproteases da matriz e discutimos sobre o papel destas enzimas em processos fisiológicos e patológicos, dando ênfase ao papel destas enzimas no meio ambiente bucal


Subject(s)
Mouth Diseases/classification , Mouth Diseases/pathology , Matrix Metalloproteinases , Pathology, Oral
12.
Rev. Assoc. Paul. Cir. Dent ; 55(2): 100-3, mar.-abr. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-298513

ABSTRACT

O cigarro, o estresse psicossocial e certos polimorfismos gênicos säo exemplos de fatores que aumentam o risco à periodontite, tornando os indivíduos mais suscetíves à progressäo ou agravamento da doença. Polimorfismos em genes de mediadores pró-inflamatórios, que caracterizam a resposta do hospedeiro, têm sido alvo de estudos recentes, que objetivam diagnosticar precocemente mecanismos destrutivos da doença. A realizaçäo de um simples bochecho com soluçäo açucarada pelo paciente pode permitir a análise de seu perfil de suscetibilidade genética à doença periodontal, o que pode ser de grande valia na prevençäo da instalaçäo e progressäo da doença periodontal em pacientes de risco


Subject(s)
Disease Susceptibility , Periodontitis/diagnosis , Polymorphism, Genetic
13.
Rev. odontol. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 13(2): 135-9, abr.-jun. 1999. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-250322

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a expressäo das metaloproteases da matriz extracelular durante a atrofia experimental das glândulas submandibulares em ratos, causada pela obstruçäo do ducto excretor principal. Os zimogramas realizados com extratos das porçöes internas e externas das glândulas salivares normais e ligadas mostraram que as principais enzimas gelatinolíticas possuíam pesos moleculares variando entre 72 kDa e 65 kDa. A atividade dessas enzimas aumentou progressivamente até o período entre 5 e 10 dias após a ligaçäo, decrescendo nos períodos subseqüentes. Foram também detectadas bandas migrando entre 92 kDa e 72 kDa, sendo essas enzimas detectadas em quantidades significativas apenas na regiäo da cápsula da glândula, no período de 2 dias. A confirmaçäo de que as metaloproteases da matriz têm um papel importante na remodelaçäo da matriz extracelular durante a atrofia experimental da glândula submandibular


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Metalloendopeptidases/analysis , Submandibular Gland , Atrophy
14.
RPG rev. pos-grad ; 5(2): 111-8, abr.-jun. 1998. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-246707

ABSTRACT

A Fibromatose Gengival Hereditária (FGH) é uma condiçäo em que há aumento da secreçäo de proteínas da matriz extracelular, especialmente de colágeno tipo I. Condiçöes particulares individuais como polomorfismos genéticos ou mutaçöes poderiam influir na resposta de fibroblasto a estímulos do ambiente, provocando essa doença de causa ainda desconhecida. Assim, procuramos identificar polimorfismos ou mutaçöes na regiäo do promotor da cadeia alfa 2 do colágeno do tipo I (COL1A2) em um grupo de pacientes normais (n = 13). Além disso, testamos a hipótese de alteraçäo no padräo de metilaçäo dessa seqüência através da análise de metilaçäo. Foi feita a amplificaçäo por PCR da regiäo do promotor da cadeia alfa 2 do colágeno entre -340 e +2 pares de base (pb). Seguiu-se a análise de heteroduplex: aquecimento das amostras a 98§C por 5 minutos, resfriamento a 0§C, manutençäo a 20§C por uma hora e eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida a 6 por cento. A análise de metilaçäo foi feita através do uso de enzimas de restriçäo (HAL III e HPA II, que näo clivam as suas seqüências da reconhecimento de Dna quando estas estiverem metiladas) previamente à reaçäo de PCR. Näo houve diferença na migraçäo dos fragmentos de DNA após a reaçäo de heteroduplex, nem foi determinada alteraçäo no padräo de metilaçäo entre os dois grupos de indivíduos. Esses achados indicam que mutaçöes ou alteraçöes no padräo de metilaçäo da regiäo do promotor do COL1A2, compreendida entre -340 e +2 pb, provavelmente näo estäo relacionadas ao crescimento gengival de portadores de FGH


Subject(s)
Humans , Gingival Diseases/complications , Fibromatosis, Gingival/diagnosis , Polymorphism, Genetic , DNA Methylation , Gingival Overgrowth/complications
15.
RPG rev. pos-grad ; 4(2): 87-92, abr.-jun. 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-197619

ABSTRACT

A regulaçäo da diferenciaçäo e do desenvolvimento dos vários tecidos que formam o germe dental ainda näo está bem estabelecida. Tem-se atribuído à membrana basal e a seus componentes esse papel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a distribuiçäo de laminina no germe dental do primeiro molar de ratos, utilizando um anticorpo policlonal antilaminina. A análise imunohistoquímica mostrou que a lamina é expressa de forma contínua nas membranas basais dos epitélios interno e externo do orgäo do esmalte, nos pequenos vasos sangüíneos e nas fibrilas nervosas localizadas na papila e no folículo dentário de ratos recém-nascidos. Nas regiöes em que ocorreu diferenciaçäo de células mesenquimais em odontoblastos e de células do epitélio interno em ameloblastos, a expressäo de laminina näo foi mais observada. Essas mudanças sugerem que a expressäo de laminina na membrana basal está relacionada com a diferenciaçäo celular e com a secreçäo de matriz orgânica


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Epithelium/physiology , Laminin/analysis , Tooth Germ/anatomy & histology , Laminin/physiology , Molar/growth & development
16.
RGO (Porto Alegre) ; 44(6): 317-20, nov.-dez. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-262608

ABSTRACT

As polpas coronárias dos primeiros molares inferiores de 20 ratos tratados com ciclosporina A (CyA) foram expostas e deixadas abertas ao meio bucal por período de 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. Em todos os períodos estudados, as alteraçöes pulpares e periapicais das raízes mesiais foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, sugerindo que a imunossupressäo provocada pela CyA näo modificou a evoluçäo das lesöes


Subject(s)
Rats , Cyclosporine/administration & dosage , Immunosuppressive Agents , Pulpitis/therapy
17.
Rev. Assoc. Paul. Cir. Dent ; 50(1): 32-5, jan.-fev. 1996. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-181061

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo discute os recentes avanços na área de biologia molecular e suas implicaçöes na medicina e odontologia. Os autores fazem uma análise de gene da amelogenina, que é a principal proteína implicada na formaçäo do esmalte dental, correlacionando a expressäo dessa molécula com a etiologia da amelogênese imperfecta, assim como sua importância nas características físicas e na estrutura do esmalte dental


Subject(s)
Amelogenesis Imperfecta/physiopathology , Amelogenesis/physiology , Dental Enamel/anatomy & histology , Dental Enamel/physiopathology
18.
Rev. Assoc. Paul. Cir. Dent ; 49(1): 51-6, jan.-fev. 1995. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-150289

ABSTRACT

A etiologia do câncer oral envolve múltiplos fatores ambientais e genéticos. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma revisäo sobre os principais fatores etiológicos e, especialmente, sobre os principais genes envolvidos na gênese do câncer bucal


Subject(s)
Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology , Mouth Neoplasms/etiology , Oncogenes/physiology
19.
Arq. Centro Estud. Curso Odontol ; 23(1/2): 35-45, jan.-dez. 1986.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-98602

ABSTRACT

Alteraçäo periodontal foi provocada experimentalmente em ratos, colocando-se fio de algodäo na regiäo cervical dos primeiros molares inferiores. Após 35 dias a placa dental foi coletada e inoculada no tecido subcutâneo de ratos controles e com alteraçäo periodontal, provocando intenso acúmulo de neurófilos. A injeçäo intradêrmica da fraçäo solúvel da placa dental causou permeabilidade vascular, entretanto näo foi constatada a presença de anticorpos específicos aos componentes da placa dental. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que as alteraçöes periodontais provocadas em ratos através do irritante gengival säo decorrentes principalmente de mecanismos inflamatórios näo imunológicos


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Gingiva/immunology , Periodontal Diseases , Dental Plaque/immunology , Molar
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